Correlation of Coagulation Pathway Parameters with BNP, Ejection Fraction and NYHA Class in Heart Failure

Introduction Up regulation of coagulation factors is a less understood phenomenon in congestive heart failure. Existing literature supports the fact that levels of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, ICAM, PECAM, P-selectin, d-dimer, fibrinogen, vascular cell adhesion molecules and platelet aggregation are significantly elevated in congestive heart failure [1-8]. The most frequently noted complication in congestive heart failure involves thromboembolism [9] which suggests pathological aberrations in the coagulation pathway as the disease progresses.